Destination guide
Shipping Heavy Equipment to Poland
In 2025 the United States reported exporting 387 machines worth $40.3 million to Poland in the 15 classes we track, up 85% on 2024. None of the carrier schedules we track lists a direct call in Poland, so we confirm the routing with each quote. RoRo service: Regular from the East and Gulf Coast, none from the West Coast. Duty and VAT on a $100,000 CIF excavator come to $23,000, or 23% of its value.
The four ways to ship machinery to Poland
Container, flat rack, RoRo and breakbulk, with where each one lands. RoRo availability is by U.S. coast; the other three are booked on the services that run when the cargo is ready.
| Method | From the U.S. | Where it lands, and conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Container | Booked on request | Container ports: Port of Gdańsk, Port of Gdynia. No schedule we track lists a direct call, so the carrier and any transshipment are confirmed at booking. |
| Flat rack | Booked on request | For machines too wide or tall for a closed box, on container lines that accept out-of-gauge cargo. Discharge at Port of Gdańsk, Port of Gdynia, subject to the terminal taking flat racks. |
| RoRo | Regular from the East and Gulf Coast, none from the West Coast | RoRo ports: Port of Gdańsk, Port of Gdynia. Carriers call these routes on their schedules[3]; we confirm the next sailing at booking. |
| Breakbulk | Liner breakbulk or charter | For cargo too large or heavy for a flat rack, loaded by ship or shore crane. Breakbulk and heavy-lift ports: Port of Gdańsk, Port of Gdynia. |
What the U.S. ships to Poland
U.S. exports to Poland by machine class, 2025 against 2024, as reported by the United States to UN Comtrade[1]. Units are as declared; the average is customs value divided by units.
| Machine class | Units 2025 | Units 2024 | Change in units | Value 2025 | Average per unit[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheeled tractors | 167 | 125 | +34% | $18.5 million | $111 thousand |
| Crawler tractors | 131 | 12 | +992% | $13.3 million | $102 thousand |
| Wheel loaders | 46 | 17 | +171% | $5.94 million | $129 thousand |
| Diesel generator sets | 4 | 0 | – | $1.11 million | $278 thousand |
| Forklifts and telehandlers | 6 | 13 | −54% | $546 thousand | $91 thousand |
| Motor graders | 9 | 2 | +350% | $509 thousand | $56.6 thousand |
| Combine harvesters | 14 | 11 | +27% | $148 thousand | $10.6 thousand |
| Backhoes and other excavating machines | 5 | 13 | −62% | $110 thousand | $21.9 thousand |
| Excavators | 3 | 3 | 0% | $63.1 thousand | $21 thousand |
| Self-propelled drill rigs | 1 | 0 | – | $55.5 thousand | $55.5 thousand |
| Crushers | 1 | 0 | – | $20.2 thousand | $20.2 thousand |
| Crawler dozers | 0 | 3 | – | $0 | – |
| Crawler and rough-terrain cranes | 0 | 1 | – | $0 | – |
| Off-highway dump trucks | 0 | 9 | – | $0 | – |
A dash means the quantity was not reported for that year. Classes the U.S. did not ship here in either year are left out.
Import duty on machinery in Poland
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty applied to each machine class, as a simple average of the national tariff lines under its HS subheading[2]. Preferential rates under trade agreements can be lower.
| Machine class | HS subheading | MFN applied duty | Range across lines | Tariff year[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excavators | 8429.52 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Wheel loaders | 8429.51 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Crawler dozers | 8429.11 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Motor graders | 8429.20 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Backhoes and other excavating machines | 8429.59 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Crawler and rough-terrain cranes | 8426.41 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Forklifts and telehandlers | 8427.20 | 4.5% | – | 2023 |
| Off-highway dump trucks | 8704.10 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Wheeled tractors | 8701.93 | 3.5% | 0–7% | 2023 |
| Crawler tractors | 8701.30 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Combine harvesters | 8433.51 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Self-propelled drill rigs | 8430.41 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Crushers | 8474.20 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Diesel generator sets | 8502.13 | 2.7% | – | 2023 |
| Truck-mounted cranes | 8705.10 | 3.7% | – | 2023 |
The range shows the lowest and highest line within the subheading; a dash means every line has the same rate.
Worked example: a $100,000 excavator
Import duty: 0% of $100,000 CIF is $0 (HS 8429.52, 2023 tariff)[2].
Import VAT: 23% of the duty-inclusive $100,000 is $23,000 (EU TARIC / national customs & tax authority, checked June 2026)
Total duty and tax: $23,000, or 23% of CIF.
- Excise, port charges, broker fees and any registration tax are extra. The final rate depends on the exact tariff line your broker declares.
Vehicles and other taxes
Poland applies the EU Common Customs Tariff to US-origin vehicles — about 10% duty on CIF — plus 23% national import VAT, cleared at Gdańsk or Gdynia, the Baltic deep-water gateways.
Source: EU Common Customs Tariff (TARIC) / Polish KAS, checked June 2026.
- Import duty: 10% of CIF (EU Common Customs Tariff; ≈4.5% on parts)
- VAT: 23% (national import VAT)
- Other charges: Excise duty on passenger cars (≈3.1% or 18.6% by engine size); classic relief may apply
Documents for Poland
The papers a machinery shipment to Poland usually needs at destination. Your consignee and their customs broker confirm the list for the exact cargo.
- Commercial Invoice
- Packing List
- Bill of Lading
- Certificate of Origin
- EUR.1 Movement Certificate
- CE Declaration
- Equipment Specifications
U.S. export rules
What every shipment from the U.S. has to clear before it sails, whatever the destination.
- Electronic Export Information (15 CFR 30)U.S. Census Bureau
Electronic Export Information is filed in AES for each Schedule B number worth more than $2,500 going to one consignee on one conveyance, and for every vehicle whatever its value. For vessel cargo it is due at least 24 hours before loading; the Internal Transaction Number (ITN) goes to the carrier with the booking.[4][5]
Applies to: Any Schedule B line over $2,500, and every vehicle
- Used self-propelled vehicles: 72-hour ruleU.S. Customs and Border Protection
U.S. regulations count self-propelled construction and agricultural machinery as vehicles. A used one must be filed in AES at least 72 hours before export, whatever its value or destination, and the ITN, the VIN or serial number and the ownership documents go to CBP at the port of export. Filing after departure is not allowed.[6][7][5]
Applies to: Used machines that drive: excavators, loaders, dozers, tractors, trucks
- ISPM 15 wood packagingIPPC, administered in the U.S. by USDA APHIS
Wood packaging and dunnage must be heat-treated to a core temperature of 56 °C for at least 30 minutes, or fumigated, and carry the IPPC mark with the US country code, the facility number and HT or MB. Marked wood can be reused; repaired or remanufactured wood must be treated and marked again.[8]
Applies to: Crates, skids, blocking and dunnage
- Export classification under the EAR (ECCN or EAR99)BIS (U.S. Department of Commerce)
An item subject to the EAR is either listed on the Commerce Control List under an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or classified EAR99, the basket for items not listed. The ECCN’s reasons for control, read against the Commerce Country Chart, decide whether the destination needs a license. An EAR99 item rarely needs one, but no item, EAR99 included, may go to a person under a denial order or to a prohibited end use or end user without BIS authorization.[9][10][11]
Applies to: Every export of goods subject to the Export Administration Regulations
Clearance notes for Poland
- Gdańsk (DCT) is a major Baltic gateway; Poland also clears cargo for landlocked neighbours.
- Polish excise duty on cars applies in addition to duty + VAT.
Questions buyers ask
How much heavy equipment does the U.S. ship to Poland?
U.S. exporters reported 387 machines worth $40.3 million to Poland in 2025 across 15 machine classes, up 85% on 2024. The largest class by value was wheeled tractors, at $18.5 million. Figures are U.S. export declarations reported to UN Comtrade.
How long does shipping from the U.S. to Poland take?
None of the carrier schedules we track lists a direct call in Poland. Cargo moves on container lines, usually through a transshipment hub, or on a RoRo or breakbulk sailing to Port of Gdańsk; we confirm the current routing and transit with each quote.
Can I ship machinery to Poland by RoRo?
RoRo service: Regular from the East and Gulf Coast, none from the West Coast. RoRo suits machines that drive or tow on board. Ports that take RoRo cargo: Port of Gdańsk, Port of Gdynia. Where RoRo does not run, machines ship on flat racks or as breakbulk.
What duty and VAT apply to a used excavator in Poland?
The MFN duty on excavators averages 0% of CIF, and Import VAT is 23% on the duty-inclusive value. On a $100,000 CIF excavator that comes to $23,000 before excise, port and broker charges.
Which documents do I need to ship to Poland?
A shipment to Poland usually needs: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading, Certificate of Origin, EUR.1 Movement Certificate, CE Declaration, Equipment Specifications. From the U.S., the export filing (EEI) goes in before loading, and titled machines need their title at the port 72 hours before export.
Export checklist (PDF)
A one-page checklist with the facts on this page for shipping Poland: methods, duty, rules and documents. Give it to your customs broker.
Download the checklistSources
Every figure on this page comes from the documents below, each checked on the date shown. Carriers and authorities revise them, so we confirm the current figure when we book.
- [1]World Bank WITS, UN Comtrade: exports reported by the United States, checked October 18, 2026
- [2]UNCTAD TRAINS via World Bank WITS: MFN applied tariff, checked October 18, 2026
- [3]Höegh Autoliners, Main trade routes (Annual Report 2023), checked October 18, 2026
- [4]eCFR, 15 CFR 30.37 Miscellaneous exemptions (Foreign Trade Regulations), checked October 18, 2026
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Regulations FAQs, checked October 18, 2026
- [6]eCFR, 19 CFR 192.1 Definitions (used self-propelled vehicles), checked October 18, 2026
- [7]U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Exporting used self-propelled vehicles, checked October 18, 2026
- [8]USDA APHIS, Export ISPM 15-compliant wood packaging material, checked October 18, 2026
- [9]eCFR, 15 CFR 734.3 Items subject to the EAR (EAR99), checked October 18, 2026
- [10]eCFR, 15 CFR 738.4 Determining whether a license is required, checked October 18, 2026
- [11]eCFR, 15 CFR 732.3 Steps regarding the ten general prohibitions, checked October 18, 2026
Send us the machine and the destination
Give us the model or the measured dimensions and weight. We come back with the method, the sailing and a price, and the figures behind them.