Destination guide
Shipping Heavy Equipment to Vietnam
In 2025 the United States reported exporting 414 machines worth $11.7 million to Vietnam in the 15 classes we track, up 72% on 2024. None of the carrier schedules we track lists a direct call in Vietnam, so we confirm the routing with each quote. RoRo service: Limited from the East and Gulf Coast, regular from the West Coast. Duty and VAT on a $100,000 CIF excavator come to $10,000, or 10% of its value.
The four ways to ship machinery to Vietnam
Container, flat rack, RoRo and breakbulk, with where each one lands. RoRo availability is by U.S. coast; the other three are booked on the services that run when the cargo is ready.
| Method | From the U.S. | Where it lands, and conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Container | Booked on request | Container ports: Cat Lai Port (Ho Chi Minh City), Port of Hai Phong, Cai Mep Port. No schedule we track lists a direct call, so the carrier and any transshipment are confirmed at booking. |
| Flat rack | Booked on request | For machines too wide or tall for a closed box, on container lines that accept out-of-gauge cargo. Discharge at Cat Lai Port (Ho Chi Minh City), Port of Hai Phong, Cai Mep Port, subject to the terminal taking flat racks. |
| RoRo | Limited from the East and Gulf Coast, regular from the West Coast | RoRo ports: Cat Lai Port (Ho Chi Minh City), Port of Hai Phong. Carriers call these routes on their schedules[3]; we confirm the next sailing at booking. |
| Breakbulk | Liner breakbulk or charter | For cargo too large or heavy for a flat rack, loaded by ship or shore crane. Breakbulk and heavy-lift ports: Cat Lai Port (Ho Chi Minh City), Port of Hai Phong, Cai Mep Port. |
What the U.S. ships to Vietnam
U.S. exports to Vietnam by machine class, 2025 against 2024, as reported by the United States to UN Comtrade[1]. Units are as declared; the average is customs value divided by units.
| Machine class | Units 2025 | Units 2024 | Change in units | Value 2025 | Average per unit[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excavators | 128 | 55 | +133% | $3.49 million | $27.2 thousand |
| Wheel loaders | 93 | 17 | +447% | $2.25 million | $24.2 thousand |
| Diesel generator sets | 3 | 6 | −50% | $1.74 million | $578 thousand |
| Crawler dozers | 87 | 6 | +1,350% | $1.25 million | $14.4 thousand |
| Forklifts and telehandlers | 37 | 85 | −56% | $1.13 million | $30.6 thousand |
| Wheeled tractors | 39 | 0 | – | $611 thousand | $15.7 thousand |
| Backhoes and other excavating machines | 17 | 20 | −15% | $540 thousand | $31.8 thousand |
| Crawler tractors | 1 | 24 | −96% | $302 thousand | $302 thousand |
| Motor graders | 4 | 0 | – | $252 thousand | $63.1 thousand |
| Crawler and rough-terrain cranes | 4 | 16 | −75% | $121 thousand | $30.3 thousand |
| Self-propelled drill rigs | 1 | 3 | −67% | $18 thousand | $18 thousand |
| Combine harvesters | 0 | 1 | – | $0 | – |
| Crushers | 0 | 8 | – | $0 | – |
A dash means the quantity was not reported for that year. Classes the U.S. did not ship here in either year are left out.
Import duty on machinery in Vietnam
The most-favoured-nation (MFN) duty applied to each machine class, as a simple average of the national tariff lines under its HS subheading[2]. Preferential rates under trade agreements can be lower.
| Machine class | HS subheading | MFN applied duty | Range across lines | Tariff year[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excavators | 8429.52 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Wheel loaders | 8429.51 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Crawler dozers | 8429.11 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Motor graders | 8429.20 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Backhoes and other excavating machines | 8429.59 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Crawler and rough-terrain cranes | 8426.41 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Forklifts and telehandlers | 8427.20 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Off-highway dump trucks | 8704.10 | 17% | 0–50% | 2023 |
| Wheeled tractors | 8701.93 | 5% | – | 2023 |
| Crawler tractors | 8701.30 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Combine harvesters | 8433.51 | 5% | – | 2023 |
| Self-propelled drill rigs | 8430.41 | 0% | – | 2023 |
| Crushers | 8474.20 | 2% | – | 2023 |
| Diesel generator sets | 8502.13 | 5% | – | 2023 |
| Truck-mounted cranes | 8705.10 | 3% | – | 2023 |
The range shows the lowest and highest line within the subheading; a dash means every line has the same rate.
Worked example: a $100,000 excavator
Import duty: 0% of $100,000 CIF is $0 (HS 8429.52, 2023 tariff)[2].
VAT: 10% of the duty-inclusive $100,000 is $10,000 (Vietnam Customs, checked June 2026)
Total duty and tax: $10,000, or 10% of CIF.
- Excise, port charges, broker fees and any registration tax are extra. The final rate depends on the exact tariff line your broker declares.
Vehicles and other taxes
Vietnam gives 0% import duty to qualifying ASEAN-origin vehicles (ATIGA) but taxes non-ASEAN CBU heavily, layering a special consumption tax (engine-based) and 10% VAT. Used-vehicle imports are tightly restricted and must meet Decree 116 conformity.
Source: Vietnam Customs / Decree 116, checked June 2026.
- Import duty: High on non-ASEAN CBU (0% ASEAN-origin under ATIGA)
- VAT: 10%
- Other charges: Special consumption tax by engine size; registration fee; Decree 116 conformity
Rules for used machinery in Vietnam
Decision 18/2019/QD-TTg caps used machinery in HS chapters 84-85 at 10 years, with longer limits for listed fields. Each unit needs a legalized manufacturer letter (for G7/Korea-made units) or a designated inspection certificate. HS 87 trucks fall outside this decision.
- Age limit: Decision 18/2019/QD-TTg, Art. 6.1: used machinery and equipment (HS chapters 84 and 85) must be 10 years old or less, counted as the year of arrival in Vietnam minus the manufacture year. Appendix I allows 15-20 years for listed sectors.[4]
- Conformity: Decision 18/2019, Art. 6.2: machines must be built to Vietnam's QCVN technical regulations on safety, energy saving and environment. If no QCVN applies, they must meet TCVN or the national standards of a G7 country or Korea.[4]
- Inspection: Art. 8.1: G7/Korea-made units may use an original manufacturer letter on year and standards, consularly legalized with Vietnamese translation. Otherwise a designated inspection body's certificate is needed, valid six months before arrival (Art. 10.2).[4]
- Licence or permit: Art. 9: over-age machines need Ministry of Science and Technology permission. The importer must be producing in Vietnam, and remaining capacity must be at least 85% of design with material/energy consumption no more than 15% above design.[4]
- Documents: Art. 8: the customs dossier must include a sealed copy of the enterprise registration certificate. Goods may be taken into storage pending assessment, but the inspection certificate must reach customs within 30 days.[4]
Documents for Vietnam
The papers a machinery shipment to Vietnam usually needs at destination. Your consignee and their customs broker confirm the list for the exact cargo.
- Commercial Invoice
- Packing List
- Bill of Lading
- Certificate of Origin
- Equipment Specifications
- Import Declaration
- Quality Inspection Certificate (if required)
U.S. export rules
What every shipment from the U.S. has to clear before it sails, whatever the destination.
- Electronic Export Information (15 CFR 30)U.S. Census Bureau
Electronic Export Information is filed in AES for each Schedule B number worth more than $2,500 going to one consignee on one conveyance, and for every vehicle whatever its value. For vessel cargo it is due at least 24 hours before loading; the Internal Transaction Number (ITN) goes to the carrier with the booking.[5][6]
Applies to: Any Schedule B line over $2,500, and every vehicle
- Used self-propelled vehicles: 72-hour ruleU.S. Customs and Border Protection
U.S. regulations count self-propelled construction and agricultural machinery as vehicles. A used one must be filed in AES at least 72 hours before export, whatever its value or destination, and the ITN, the VIN or serial number and the ownership documents go to CBP at the port of export. Filing after departure is not allowed.[7][8][6]
Applies to: Used machines that drive: excavators, loaders, dozers, tractors, trucks
- ISPM 15 wood packagingIPPC, administered in the U.S. by USDA APHIS
Wood packaging and dunnage must be heat-treated to a core temperature of 56 °C for at least 30 minutes, or fumigated, and carry the IPPC mark with the US country code, the facility number and HT or MB. Marked wood can be reused; repaired or remanufactured wood must be treated and marked again.[9]
Applies to: Crates, skids, blocking and dunnage
- Export classification under the EAR (ECCN or EAR99)BIS (U.S. Department of Commerce)
An item subject to the EAR is either listed on the Commerce Control List under an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) or classified EAR99, the basket for items not listed. The ECCN’s reasons for control, read against the Commerce Country Chart, decide whether the destination needs a license. An EAR99 item rarely needs one, but no item, EAR99 included, may go to a person under a denial order or to a prohibited end use or end user without BIS authorization.[10][11][12]
Applies to: Every export of goods subject to the Export Administration Regulations
Clearance notes for Vietnam
- Cat Lai (HCMC) and Hai Phong are the main gateways.
- Conformity certificates (Decree 116) are required for vehicles.
Questions buyers ask
How much heavy equipment does the U.S. ship to Vietnam?
U.S. exporters reported 414 machines worth $11.7 million to Vietnam in 2025 across 15 machine classes, up 72% on 2024. The largest class by value was excavators, at $3.49 million. Figures are U.S. export declarations reported to UN Comtrade.
How long does shipping from the U.S. to Vietnam take?
None of the carrier schedules we track lists a direct call in Vietnam. Cargo moves on container lines, usually through a transshipment hub, or on a RoRo or breakbulk sailing to Cat Lai Port (Ho Chi Minh City); we confirm the current routing and transit with each quote.
Can I ship machinery to Vietnam by RoRo?
RoRo service: Limited from the East and Gulf Coast, regular from the West Coast. RoRo suits machines that drive or tow on board. Ports that take RoRo cargo: Cat Lai Port (Ho Chi Minh City), Port of Hai Phong. Where RoRo does not run, machines ship on flat racks or as breakbulk.
What duty and VAT apply to a used excavator in Vietnam?
The MFN duty on excavators averages 0% of CIF, and VAT is 10% on the duty-inclusive value. On a $100,000 CIF excavator that comes to $10,000 before excise, port and broker charges.
Which rules apply to used machinery in Vietnam?
Decision 18/2019/QD-TTg caps used machinery in HS chapters 84-85 at 10 years, with longer limits for listed fields. Each unit needs a legalized manufacturer letter (for G7/Korea-made units) or a designated inspection certificate. HS 87 trucks fall outside this decision.
Which documents do I need to ship to Vietnam?
A shipment to Vietnam usually needs: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading, Certificate of Origin, Equipment Specifications, Import Declaration, Quality Inspection Certificate (if required). From the U.S., the export filing (EEI) goes in before loading, and titled machines need their title at the port 72 hours before export.
Export checklist (PDF)
A one-page checklist with the facts on this page for shipping Vietnam: methods, duty, rules and documents. Give it to your customs broker.
Download the checklistSources
Every figure on this page comes from the documents below, each checked on the date shown. Carriers and authorities revise them, so we confirm the current figure when we book.
- [1]World Bank WITS, UN Comtrade: exports reported by the United States, checked October 18, 2026
- [2]UNCTAD TRAINS via World Bank WITS: MFN applied tariff, checked October 18, 2026
- [3]Höegh Autoliners, Main trade routes (Annual Report 2023), checked October 18, 2026
- [4]Vietnam Trade Portal (MOIT) - Decision 18/2019/QD-TTg, checked October 2026
- [5]eCFR, 15 CFR 30.37 Miscellaneous exemptions (Foreign Trade Regulations), checked October 18, 2026
- [6]U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Regulations FAQs, checked October 18, 2026
- [7]eCFR, 19 CFR 192.1 Definitions (used self-propelled vehicles), checked October 18, 2026
- [8]U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Exporting used self-propelled vehicles, checked October 18, 2026
- [9]USDA APHIS, Export ISPM 15-compliant wood packaging material, checked October 18, 2026
- [10]eCFR, 15 CFR 734.3 Items subject to the EAR (EAR99), checked October 18, 2026
- [11]eCFR, 15 CFR 738.4 Determining whether a license is required, checked October 18, 2026
- [12]eCFR, 15 CFR 732.3 Steps regarding the ten general prohibitions, checked October 18, 2026
Send us the machine and the destination
Give us the model or the measured dimensions and weight. We come back with the method, the sailing and a price, and the figures behind them.